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I could talk about relationships with family, friends, or business associates. I could talk about our most intimate relationships, with spouse or partner. The most important aspect of any communication in relationships-the best way to avoid problems-is by being a good listener.
Although it is possible to have problems in communications because of things that are said, especially when tempers rise, many of these problems can be avoided through the art of listening. And listening is not something you are either good at or not. It is a skill that can be learned.
One simple way to practice and improve your listening skills is by repeating back to someone what you thought you heard them say. Many problems in conversations or arguments are due to misunderstanding what the other person is trying to say. You end up responding to something the other person never said or never intended to say. If both parties practice this, regardless of whether you agree or disagree, at least you will both understand the other’s position.

Another big problem in communication in relationships is accusation and defensiveness. When you accuse someone of doing something or intending something, it is almost impossible for him or her to respond to you with anything but defensiveness. The accusation takes the form of what they did or what they said. In other words, the communication is in the form of holding them responsible for something.
The way to avoid defensiveness, or minimizing it, is by talking about how you were impacted by what was said or what occurred. You do not talk about what the other person did or said. You talk about how their actions or words affected you. In communication psychology these are called “I” messages.
Instead of saying, “You hurt me,” you say, “I felt hurt by what you did.” This is a bit subtle but you can see that there is an accusation of wrongdoing in the first statement and a statement of your own feelings in the second. This is a habit that must be cultivated and practiced but it can head off a lot of angry arguments by staying away from accusing.
By using “I” messages, you are simply giving feedback. You are expressing your feelings without accusing. This kind of feedback gives the other a chance to respond. Since they haven’t been accused, they don’t need to defend.
There’s nothing wrong with disagreeing, with arguing, or even fighting, as long as you fight fair. Fighting fair means listening to the other and making sure you understand what they are saying. It means using “I” statements rather than accusing. It also means that you stay focused in the present and focused on the present issue. Fighting fair means you don’t bring up the past in order to use it as a weapon.
Problems can also be avoided in communication if there is no sense of winning and losing. If one person wins an argument, you both lose. If, after listening and discussing your differences, you feel that you were wrong, you simply acknowledge the other person’s feelings and you apologize. If you are able to do that, you both win.
Finally, many problems in communication occur because one or both individuals may be upset about something that has nothing to do with your current interactions. This is the phenomenon of coming home from work upset and kicking the dog. If you don’t have a dog to kick, you may pick a fight with your spouse. Problems can be avoided in communications if you are aware of your mood and don’t take it out on your spouse.

It is better to tell your partner right away that you had a terrible day and you are really irritable. Your partner or spouse can then become your ally and support you rather than being your whipping post. In general, the sharing of feelings and moods is very good for keeping communications clean and open.
When dealing with someone you love and who loves you, always assume that their intentions are positive and loving. Assume that yours are as well. An argument or a fight is an aberration.
People who love each other get angry at each other mainly because one or the other has done something that disappointed. Because we love someone, we have certain loving expectations of their behavior, especially toward us. When they fall short of that loving expectation we get angry. So even when we fight, it is because we love each other.

It is always possible to get back to the love that underlies every communication problem, to forgive and heal and to simply try to do better next time. Communication is a skill that can be practiced and it is well worth the time and effort.